Newsgroups: sci.lang
Path: cantaloupe.srv.cs.cmu.edu!das-news2.harvard.edu!news2.near.net!news.mathworks.com!uunet!in1.uu.net!world!jcf
From: jcf@world.std.com (Joseph C Fineman)
Subject: Re: The logic of "and" and "but"
Message-ID: <D4KuJG.72u@world.std.com>
Organization: The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA
References: <600434857wnr@shappski.demon.co.uk> <D4H6vo.JIK@world.std.com> <570510846wnr@shappski.demon.co.uk>
Date: Sat, 25 Feb 1995 22:30:52 GMT
Lines: 32

andre@shappski.demon.co.uk (Andre Shapps) writes:

>> Once again, redundancy, of some kind, is clearly popular & arguably
>> useful.

>What, you mean in case one of them gets broken or something?:-)

It raises the probability that you will notice if you've misunderstood
something, and that you'll guess the right meaning if the message is
ambiguous.

>Russian has other exmples of redundancy/overlapping words with subtley 
>different shades. One that springs to mind is "tozhe"/"takzhe", meaining 
>also. The difference between these took me a while to grasp, but it 
>doesn't really matter if you are a beginner, because you'll never be 
>wrong using "tozhe".

>Examples: Ja anglichanin. On tozhe anglichanin
>          I'm English. He's also English.
>          Ja chitayu knigi. Ja takzhe chitayu gazeti.
>          I read books. I also read newspapers.

>The second, while translating the same way, embodies an implication of 
>"and furthermore ...". I'm sure you could put this more formally for 
>me Joseph. Sounds like you know what you're talking about.

I have seen "takzhe" translated "likewise".

-- 
        Joe Fineman             jcf@world.std.com
        239 Clinton Road        (617) 731-9190
        Brookline, MA 02146
