From newshub.ccs.yorku.ca!torn!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!ames!sun-barr!sh.wide!wnoc-tyo-news!scslwide!wsgw!headgw!sonygw!anritu!aclab1!inagaki Wed Oct 14 14:58:48 EDT 1992
Article 7226 of comp.ai.philosophy:
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>From: inagaki@aclab1.resrch.anritsu.co.jp (Shintaro Inagaki)
Newsgroups: sci.bio,soc.men,soc.women,comp.ai.philosophy
Subject: Re: missing verbs
Message-ID: <633@aclab1.resrch.anritsu.co.jp>
Date: 12 Oct 92 00:21:25 GMT
References: <1992Sep9.230021.5182@news.media.mit.edu> <lbhhjvINNone@news.bbn.com>
Organization: Research Lab., Anritsu Corp., Atsugi-shi, JAPAN
Lines: 34


In article <lbhhjvINNone@news.bbn.com> ingria@bbn.com (Bob Ingria) writes:
    >>
    >>Actually, I think the number of words is peripheral.  The main point
    >>of the original observation is that there is a canonical form for
    >>tranistive, active sentences in every language.  While there is a way
    >>of expressing the victory of the subject over the object in this
    >>canonical form seemingly universally (at least, nobody has pointed out
    >>a language that doesn't have active equivalents of ``win'', ``beat'',
    >>etc.), there seems to be no verb in any language that expresses the
    >>defeat of the subject by the object (NB this formulation; does the
    >>purported generalization extends to nouns/nominalizations, too?) in
    >>the canonical transitive, active form.  In English, the deviations
    >>noted have been two:
    >>
In Japanese, to win and to loose are quite symetrical.

A ga B ni katu.   (A wins B.)
A ga B ni makeru. (A looses to B.)
where ga is a postposition to indicate A is the Subject,
and   ni is a postposition to indicate B is the Indirect Objective.
I mean B is something like Indirect Objective (or Dative);
there is no Objective nor transitive Verb in strict sense in Japanese.

The above two sentences are quite cannonical.
A gets   a potential victory in a competetion to B.
B looses a potential victory in a competetion to A.
Why not?
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